The Little Red Guard - A Family Memoir (Wenguang Huang, 2012)

The story starts in 1973 - Grandma decides she wants a traditional Chinese burial alongside her long-deceased husband.  China - under population pressure - doesn't permit this (cremation only).  Her son - who takes great pride in being "filial" in traditional way - is conflicted.  Wants to help his mother, but also has been a supporter (though eyes wide open) of the Communist regime.  Arranging a traditional burial could be done, but would be risky to his career as a Party member.

Story is written by the eldest grandson who - after his father decides to accommodate Grandma - ends up sleeping in the same room as the coffin for a few years.  Then moves on to foreign language school, eventually ends up in U.S. as a writer.

This was all pretty interesting, but I don't particularly recommend the book.  Useful lens on 20th-century China, starting with the travails of the 1940s - famine, Japanese incursion, revolution, etc.  Then the Mao era - with ridiculous, lethal policies abounding.  Political winds shift course as the leadership encourages cultural revolution, living in the countryside, anti-bourgeois, profit-seeking, then backs off, etc., over the course of the years.

We are somewhat aware of the mass starvation under Mao's agricultural "policies" but this book did tend to bring home the concept of hunger - the author's mother would go out to wheat fields after they were harvested and crawl around on hands and knees trying to find grains that had been missed.  These folks weren't in direct danger of starvation - but, wow.

The main story line rather dragged given that Grandma lived on for about 20 years after requesting the coffin, outliving her "filial" son; and the eldest grandson (author) was away when she died, so he missed out as well.

Quick read, useful insights, not that great.  China is really, really different than anything in my experience.

The First World War (John Keegan, 1998)

I've recently been going into some specific facets of WWI (such as this very good work); I very much liked the pictorial version of this book as described here; so I decided to take up the narrative version as a bit of a review and recap.  Much worthwhile.  Keegan writes really well.  And he is charmingly supportive of his native country (England).

Something good about this book:  more focus on the Eastern front (and Italy).  Typically not emphasized in WWI stuff I've read so far.  Russia laboring away for three long years before communists cut out - I had the impression Russia had pretty much checked out after Tannenbaum - not so.

Then there's just the overall amazing-ness- that a war like his could happen in a prosperous Europe with so much in common across all of these countries - culture, religion, business ties, travel (including tourism now involving, for the first time, the middle and lower classes).  Not sure how to measure but the connectedness across Europe might have been stronger than even today, given interposition of the Iron Curtain and separate (and dramatically different) development paths for decades.  100 years later - these folks have been EU partners in one form or the other, admittedly with varying degrees of success, for decades already!  Why were they killing one another so vigorously, so recently?

The German naval build-up was a very, very real factor in reducing England's choices.

Have read elsewhere about Sarajevo, the interlocking alliances, the inevitability of mobilization; that Germany believed it needed to act quickly.

That WWII is not a separate war at all!  The more one reads, the clearer it is that WWII was merely a continuation of WWI.

Have read elsewhere of the futility of frontal assaults in the trenches.  Of Verdun, the Somme, Ypres, etc.  The breathtaking, shocking casualties - simply unbelievable - yet they kept at it for years.  How, how did this happen??

Kitchener's groups - units from single towns in England, inexperienced, predictable (at least in hindsight) devastation for particular towns.

How easy it is to criticize the commanders - and they probably deserve most of it - Keegan does note the paramount importance of real time communications in a complex, fluid situation, and how the persistent failure of that factor - placed alongside the industrial killing apparatus - limited commanders and contributed to the slaughter.  Commanders could not obtain information, communicate decisions, accomplish anything once battle was joined.

The courage, the sacrifice, the slaughter.  Today's cynicism - much stemming from WWI - hadn't yet set in.  It has now, with a deserved vengeance.

America's entry - the mass of numbers - men and equipment - Germany spent, Austria worthless per usual.

"But then the First World War is a mystery.  Its origins are mysterious.  So is its course.  Why did a prosperous continent, at the height of its success as a source and agent of global wealth and power and at one of the peaks of its intellectual and cultural achievement, choose to risk all it had won for itself and all it offered to the world in the lottery of a vicious and local internecine conflict?  Why, when the hope of bringing the conflict to a quick and decisive conclusion was everywhere dashed to the ground within months of its outbreak, did the combatants decide nevertheless to persist in their military effort, to mobilize for total war and eventually to commit the totality of their young manhood to mutual and existentially pointless slaughter?"

Why, indeed?

Everything about this is simply fascinating, and so disheartening.  I will keep reading about it.

How to Live -or- A Life of Montaigne (Sarah Bakewell, 2010)

Wasn't sure how to approach this book - it had great reviews, and Montaigne is Montaigne; but the insipid self-help industry (of which this book smacks) typically is annoying, at best.  


After reading through (pretty quickly):  I would say this book comes down somewhere in the middle, but unfortunately more on the self-help side.  I don't recommend it; to the extent the book was interesting, it was mostly due to putting some context around Montaigne's life and times.  And that did have some value.

There are 20 chapters responding to the titular question ("How to live?") - with gems such as "Do a good job, but not too good a job;" "Reflect on everything; regret nothing;" "Be ordinary and imperfect;" etc.  You get the idea.

This is standard stuff for the self-help industry, which - like the weight loss industry - appears to be completely worthless, yet recession-proof.  Only a really wealthy society could actually blow $$ on this stuff.

So skip this book and just the read the Essays themselves, as folks have been doing for centuries.

Dreadnought - Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War (Robert K. Massie, 1991)

Robert Massie writes history in a way that comes across as great stories.  I previously had the good fortune to read Nicholas and Alexandra and his biography of Peter the Great.  This one - very good, though I think unnecessarily long - over the 900 pages, I think he devoted too much space to biographical details of too many figures in England and Germany in these days.

But the book is still entirely worth reading (I coped by just blowing through the parts that provided more detail than I wanted).  And there is a very real benefit to all the biographical detail - it gives some sort of glimpse into the human side of the key figures involved in the naval build-up that preceded World War I.

The early part of the book gets into the familial ties between Britain and Germany.  We all remember that Kaiser Wilhelm was Queen Victoria's grandson (and therefore the nephew and cousin of the two kings that succeeded Victoria prior to World War I).  And that Victoria herself had a German mother.  But going through the detail underscored the tight personal relationships.  (And something like this extended across most of the remaining courts.)  Amazing that they could end up at war.

The early part also discussed Bismark.  The hopes for liberal parliamentary in the combined Germany - certainly this seemed to be the prevailing desire in 1848.  Bismark embodied conservative Prussian values, very different - the combined Germany he created focused power in Chancellor and Kaiser.  Wilhlem's father's premature death may have ended the last hopes for liberal parliament; Bismark et al had cultivated Wilhelm to be conservative.  


Wilhelm's interest in building a German navy - shared by Tirpitz - Wilhelm's interest probably based on experiences in England.  Germany as a rising power with large population, positioned to dominate Europe.  But weak sea access, and subordinate to British navy for colonies, etc.  Wilhelm didn't want this to continue, England - as a sea power - couldn't permit Germany to approach its fleet sizes.  A true arms race.

Jackie Fisher - interesting admiral - British navy changes dramatically to embrace new technologies.  It was not easy to achieve change - no big naval engagements for a century, so often dealing with obsolete wooden ships where the focus was on cleaning the decks.  Leading to "dreadnoughts" - fast, heavily armored, massive guns - a whole new game.  How to pay for them?

The name "Dreadnought" seems inspired in connection with these awful vessels of destruction - vaguely terrifying - the motto for the original dreadnought was "Fear God - and Dread Naught".  Because these ships were designed such that they didn't need to fear anything (remember, there were no attack planes in existence at the time).

England sees a need for something it traditionally resisted - some form of continental alliance - mostly due to Germany's growing strength, including strength at sea.  Many efforts to reach an understanding with Germany; but it ends up being with France and Russia.

A young Winston Churchill taking over the navy in the last years before the war.

The events following the assassination in Sarajevo - many, many opportunities for the leaders to head off the war.  German generals emphatically believing that Germany was surrounded, that the Slavs were regaining strength and needed to be dealt with "now"; manipulating, at least somewhat, the political leadership.  The Schlieffen plan to attack through Belgium and how this ultimately brought England into the war. The lamps going out all over Europe.

I wonder how it could have been worse if England had stayed out of the war.  Seems Germany could then have delivered the planned knockout blow in France.  Would that have been worse than WWI as it unfolded (including aftermath such as WWII, disaster in eastern Europe, etc.)?

The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia (Samuel Johnson, 1759)

I much liked Boswell's biography of Johnson, but still have trouble figuring out where he fits in the literary world.  Other than his dictionary and all the essays, aphorisms and bon mots - I think he wrote quite a bit of other stuff, but don't know that it really took off.  I signed out of the library a one-volume collection of selected "prose and poetry" by Johson - started working through it, decided not to keep after it.  Probably gave up too soon, but it wasn't that interesting.

I did work all the way through a short story - Rasselas - didn't find it all that compelling either.  I think this is one of his better-known works.  It reminded me of Voltaire's Candide;  but I didn't like it as much.

Junior members of Abyssinian royalty are confined to a hidden valley from which it is impossible to escape - though all needs are met in the finest possible way.  Rasselas becomes discontented, eventually escapes with his sister and their tutor (who had experience in the outside world).  They go around trying to find happiness, or purpose - meet up with various folks, find out that it's a pretty complicated issue.  Eventually they go back to Abyssinia - wiser, perhaps somewhat sadder as well.