Gogol was writing just a bit before the likes of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky. I don't know enough about Russian literature to know where he fits in. But I liked "Dead Souls" a lot. The lead character - Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - is a hoot. The guy traverses the provinces of Russia trying to buy up dead "souls" - meaning serfs that had died but whose death was not yet recorded on the tax records. Owners of these souls would benefit by not having to pay taxes on them; Chichikov planned to borrow against the souls before the lender figured out that they no longer existed.
Gogol shows Chichikov's interactions with provincial landholders and local government officials - all quirky folks; he was interested in showing bureaucratic bungling and corruption, local vanities, etc. Chichikov is funny - he keeps professing his desire to be honest and have a family, but keeps backsliding into one scheme after the other. He has but two live serfs - his drunken coachman, and his flunky with the bad odor.
Gogol planned additional parts to the story. The second part isn't finished. He fell in with some religious fanatic and burned the near-final manuscript. The second part has been reconstructed in part from earlier drafts.
Here's an article about Gogol, and a separate article focused on "Dead Souls."
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