Introduction to the Qur'an (W. Montgomery Watt and Richard Bell - 1970)

I would love to have a little better sense of the Koran (using spelling I'm most familiar with); have tried to approach it via a book or three (here, for example); not making much headway.  This book was favorably reviewed in part because it was released before the escalated tensions that seem to make authors overly cautious with their wording in more recent works.

But this one didn't help me much.  It was very focused on the text - pulling out various points at a greater level of detail than I could (or perhaps wanted to) handle.   There was quite a bit of discussion around historical context, but I would have preferred more.

Little or no progress based on this.

Year Zero - A History of 1945 (Ian Buruma, 2013)

Another look at the immediate aftermath of WWII - the amazing year of 1945 - insights into how countries tried to start over.

Often with significantly different demographics than obtained prior to the war.

I rather expected this to cover similar ground as this so-helpful work by Tony Judt - but the overlap isn't all that much - Buruma covers more countries (Asia, for example) but in less detail than Europe-focused Judt.  And he pretty much sticks to his "Year Zero" theme; Judt covers a longer time span.

There was a significant amount of "retribution" - but also a practical viewpoint - plenty of people who hadn't behaved all that well now were needed to make these countries work - an active process of forgetting, or overlooking, was pursued in so many cases.  As Judt discussed, this did lead to some backlash later.  But I don't know how these places could otherwise have functioned.

Returning POWs or campers often not all that welcome - or sympathized with - home front folks had their own problems (and opportunities!)

Useful discussion of a difficult situation that I think tends to be overlooked - huge decisions with corresponding consequences came down as WWII closed and the postwar period commenced.

The Sun Also Rises (Ernest Hemingway, 1926)

Book club selection (via Nick; session held June 12, 2016).

Last read back in 2005, per here.

While I wouldn't change the ranking expressed in 2005 regarding the three Hemingway novels most familiar to me - I will say that I found this novel quite a bit more interesting than I did back then.  Not entirely sure why.  Brett and Jake with a quite-nice love story even if it never would work; other men more or less used by Brett, if perhaps willingly. Robert Cohn; the count; Mike; sidekick Bill. Romero, Montoya.  Details around Paris; contrast with Spanish national character elements.

The bullfighting sequences are entirely foreign to me - can't imagine why folks enjoy - but then there's American football, boxing, etc.

The Transylvanian Trilogy - Volume I - They Were Counted (Miklos Banffy, 1934)

This sounded interesting, and I was willing to give it a try as part of an ongoing effort to get a better picture of eastern Europe, Balkans, etc. (for example, this, this and this within the last few months).

Quick read; debatable whether I'll go on and read the last two parts of the trilogy.

Author is telling a story of Hungarian aristocracy in the years just before World War I (as a result of which their world broke, irretrievably).  Two cousins are the main characters:  Balint Abady and Laszlo Gyeroffy.  They are headed down different paths.

Sometimes draggy but generally interesting discussion of early 20th century politics in this corner of the world - feeling pushed around by the emperor in Austria; the "Dual Monarchy" not seeming very well balanced.  Some are dreaming of incorporating Balkan states into the empire.  References to 1848 and 1867 episodes and influence on Hungary, Transylvania; Kossuth; but no references reaching back to Turkish occupation etc.

A reminder of how closely integrated this world was with all of western Europe; perhaps now the effect of the Iron Curtain is fading a bit and that integration is somewhat restored?  Romanian minorities (including folks on Balint's estates).  A sense of the geography of Transylvania - hinterlands even by the standards of these countries.

So much of the talk by the politicians would sound right at home in 2016 presidential campaign - phony patriotic appeals, identity politics, payoffs, etc.

Descriptions of of old houses - originally built with fortifications.

Balint interested in Adrienne and Laszlo interested in Klara.  Author burns a lot of time on this and it's the weakest part of the book - these portions are how I imagine a Harlequin romance would read.

Midnight's Furies - The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition (Nisid Hajari, 2015)

Interesting, useful.  Seemed like a good follow-on to this novel.

August 15, 1947.  Nehru, Jinnah, Gandhi, Patel.  Mountbatten.  Focuses on the run-up to, and aftermath of, the "Partition" - with enough background to help make sense of this for general readers like me.

Perhaps it's just this author's presentation - but in the un-resolvable discussion about the relative importance of individual leaders and what I'll call larger historical-social movements - as applied to these years, the role of the leaders seems unusually important.

Reactions:

1.  Of course everyone involved here can be subjected to criticism, and the author almost goes out of his way to balance his criticisms of the each "side."

2.  But I keep thinking that the fundamental error here was Jinnah insisting on a separate country for Muslims - even though he perhaps didn't even think it realistic in the early going - but when Britain faded and the opportunity came, he stuck to the "separate state" principle.  By definition, that results in the leadership (ultimately on both "sides") practicing the worst kind of identity politics - educating the public that the two groups can't get along and must be separated; endless opportunities to demonize the "other" - all the bad things about mixing state-and-religion that so much of the rest of the world (though certainly not all!) had largely worked through centuries ago.

3.  And it's a hopeless struggle in any event - as one starts dividing by religion, where does it end?  Among other examples, check out the role of the Sikhs here.  If religions need a state, why not Sikhistan?

4.  Still - had Britain retained any type of staying power - seems that partition likely would have been avoided.  Britain simply out of resources in the immediate aftermath of WWII.  It was obvious to Britain that things were proceeding down a dangerous path, but - in response - Britain accelerated its departure.  Quickest path "out" was to accede to partition despite the dangers.  Such an unusual situation.

5.  Lots of detail about the refugees, the slaughters, etc.  That part gets a little tiresome but helps explain why the two countries remain at odds.

6.  Gandhi past his prime, trying to stop the violence, still capable of swaying public opinion.  Assassination comes from Hindu right-wing.

7.  (Courtesy of KHG), I've been reading big chunks of Steve Coll's Ghost Wars - where among other things he explains Pakistan's role in radicalizing, funding, arming fundamentalist Islamic groups across the Afghan border - including the Taliban and OBL - Pakistan started using these folks for proxy wars against India going all the way back to Kashmir in the first year post-Partition - some very real and very negative consequences.  This author gets into the same subject matter.

8.  So much negative energy between the two countries from Partition down to the present.

Seems a shame that the leadership couldn't find a way to create a federal (or whatever term applies) structure that encouraged folks to work together inside a single country - without demonizing any "other" group or individual.  That should have happened.  No doubt there would have been plenty of growing pains, but it doesn't take much imagination to see what actually happened as far worse.  Now to make the best of it . . .

Wildflower - An Extraordinary Life and Untimely Death in Africa (Mark Seal, 2009)

Book club selection (via Emily; session held May 15, 2016).

The main story line revolved around a star-crossed, I'd say, couple - both living in Africa and connected to the Kenyan community.  Married in 1961.  Alan Root as the outgoing, charismatic, innovative nature film maker; Joan Root as his do-everything self-effacing back-up.  The author never tires of describing how talented and beautiful she was.  The couple buy a house on Lake Naivasha - which we learn is very scenic - and later under threat from development and poaching.  Successful film-making continues.  Then Alan meets Jennie, and the relationship part - which always seemed frayed - broke.

The Roots were pioneers - maybe too strong of a word, but not much if it is - in nature films.  Interesting to read how they went about it; major success on BBC; they somewhat created the genre that we now take for granted.  Alan the creative force.  They met up - and in some cases advised/mentored - folks that became household names - Leakey family members, Diane Fossey, Joy Adamson.  British royalty.

As the years go by things change drastically in Africa - population pressure; rose-growers crowd the lake; huge market for poachers (China?); Joan, perhaps needing a cause post-Alan, gets heavily involved in her view of conserving the lake area.  Some iffy fellow named Chege is her lead enforcer.  As the book title conveys, she ends up getting offed - no clear reason - though she wasn't particularly young anymore.

Agents of Empire - Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the 16th-Century Mediterranean World (Noel Malcolm, 2015)

To me - this is how history should be written.  Author selects a relatively narrow focus, researches it to the nth degree, tells the story with plenty of context.  History comes to life.

Exact opposite effect of this plodding compendium - which, interestingly enough, overlapped a fair amount with "Agents of Empire".   But Greengrass's book is just unreadable - lacks focus - tries to address whatever was happening in pretty much every decent-sized country in Europe over too many years - too much.

Author's focus area here:  he runs across a reference to a contemporary description of Albania - written in late 16th century - apparently nothing like this had surfaced - so he tracks it down, and follows the trail from there.  The author of the 16th-century Albanian description was a member of a family that somehow insinuated itself - starting without any particular resources or prestige - into the foreign affairs (and/or diplomacy and/or spying) in Spain, England, Poland, Austria, Papal States, Moldavia, Wallachia, Transylvania, Hapsburgs, Ottomans, Venice, etc.  (One of the family members was killed at the Battle of Lepanto, interestingly enough.) (One became a Knight of Malta.)  These folks sometimes served as diplomats or translators, which - even then - often bled over into intelligence-gathering and outright spying.

After reading several books about this era - or perhaps because of reading them - this book finally helped make sense of some of the relationships here.  Venice dependent on Ottomans for trade but of course traditionally Catholic.  Wary of the too-powerful Hapsburgs - either the Spanish or Austrian branches.  Pope trying to jump start the Counter-Reformation; one method is to try to put together anti-Ottoman alliances (even, in bursts of optimism, coalitions that would include both Catholic and Protestant states).  But France often allying with Ottomans (which seems odd but serves purpose of countering Hapsburg power).  Spain holding onto Italian territories, great wealth from the Americas, troubles in the Netherlands, dealing with pirates/corsairs.  Ottomans interested in buffer states (Moldavia, Wallachia, Hungary) and sucked into exhausting war with Persia in the east.  And already worrying about an emergent Muscovy.  Etc.  I find this era endlessly interesting.

And the Albanians!  Sitting in the pathway - traditionally European, dominated by Ottomans, playing both sides.  Often serving as janissaries and rising to senior levels in Ottoman administration.  Living in that area couldn't have been easy.

Author does a really effective job sifting through records and correspondence - more survives than I would have ever guessed - but author also avoids conjecture and grand conclusions.

Was surprised to see that this author had written this very interesting work on Bosnia (another somewhat fairy tale location).

Much worth reading.

[33, 81, 98, 150, 160, 169, 196, 208, 228, 302, 309, 320, 323, 341, 349, 402]

Cities of Gold - A Journey Across the American Southwest (Douglas Preston, 1992)

Nelson and Preston

Book club selection (via CPG; session held April 24, 2016).

Didn't know much about the American southwest when we moved to Arizona in 1986.  This was one of the earlier books that I read on the topic; had forgotten how much I enjoyed it.  Was very happy to have an occasion to re-read.

This book definitely had given PJ and I some ideas about road-trips - there were many trips to eastern, north-eastern, south-eastern Arizona in the mid-1990s, with five so-young children in tow - wonderful memories.

Preston got the idea that it would be useful to travel the route that Coronado took - in 1540 - up from Mexico into what became the United States.  And decided that doing it on horseback was a more faithful re-creation.  He hired "Eusebio" - a wood-cutter posing as a wrangler.  But the main companion was photographer and jack-of-all-trades Walter Nelson.

I keep thinking this book should be required reading for anyone residing in the State of Arizona - it's a travel tale (with plenty of horsey misadventures) that threads in so many elements of the state's history and geography.  He wanders around a bit - both with the horses and the editorial choices - but wasn't that the point here?

There truly is nothing like the New Mexico scenery.

San Pedro; Salt River; Coronado Highway; ranchers; tales of Apache, Navajo, Zuni, Hopi; visiting the pueblos where rather unfortunate encounters took place.  Spanish were of course looking for the seven cities of gold - this was just a few years after Cortez and Pizarro hit it big.

I found the dialogue - the voices - very authentic.

Just like the first time I read it - all I want to do is get out there.  Don't know how to make that happen however.

Daniel Deronda (George Eliot, 1876)

Final novel for Eliot; per here and here, I do like her work very much.

This is rather long - 695 pages - but Eliot is pretty much always interesting.  There are two major story lines - beautiful-but-poor Gwendolyn Harleth; spoiled, immature, but with potential - enters into a loveless marriage.  Daniel Deronda lives with his uncle - generally quite happily - but he doesn't know details of his parentage and wonders about it, plus tends to be the selfless sounding board for his friends to the point where he doesn't really have peer relationships.

The paths of Harleth and Deronda intersect in various ways.

Deronda is increasingly interested in Judaism due to a series of events - including getting to know Mirah and her brother.

Mirah lives with the family of Deronda's friend (Hans).

Story lines are set in English aristocratic society of the 1860s, with many topical references (so I was grateful for useful end-notes).

The Riddle of the Labyrinth (Margalit Fox, 2013)

Book club selection (via Lon; session held March 20, 2016).

So this turned out to be pretty interesting.  Writings are found on Crete in 1900 - and absolutely no one can figure out how to decipher them.  No Rosetta Stone-type device emerges.  Not much to go on.  3,400 year old stuff.  How does it relate to classical Greece (which came along later)?

The finder (Arthur Evans) was a celebrated archaeologist who didn't have much linguistic experience (if that's the right term), and didn't bother to get very systematic.  But as finder, he had first shot.  And didn't go out of his way to make materials accessible to others.

The author focuses on a second researcher - an American named Alice Kober - her role appears to have been under-appreciated.  While she didn't solve the puzzle, her contributions were critical.

The solver-of-the-puzzle was a brilliant amateur - Michael Ventris.  Everyone suspected that the writings primarily were administrative stuff - lists, receipts, tax administration - but unfortunately pretty much nothing else was found.  So while it was neat to solve "Linear B", it isn't clear that all that much was gained.

Kober working in post-WWII austerity conditions as she visits England.  She creates cigarette boxes full of what amount to punch cards in an effort to find patterns.

How different it would have been to pursue this analysis with present-day communications and compute power.

Christendom Destroyed - Europe 1517-1648 (Mark Greengrass, 2014)

Saw a favorable review, and am trying to get a better handle on this period (some overlap with this book, for example).  But while there were endless interesting items in the book - I think the scope was overwhelming, at least for me.  Too many details, too many countries/regions, too many moving parts.

Also not sure of his premise - though I'd trust Greengrass more than me! - but he suggests that there was some sort of unified vision of Christendom prior to 1500 - and that a big change was the breakdown of that world.  I can scarcely believe that to be the case.  And certainly wouldn't think the average European (however defined) at the time viewed him/herself as part of a large, unified structure.  But whatever.

The Columbian exchange was a big deal.  New World silver was a big deal - finances Hapsburgs.  Luther's activities - part of larger trends - became a very big deal. Worldwide economy.  The amazing Dutch.  Religious conflict mixed up with all sorts of other bases of conflict.

All the religious-based scrapping going on in the 16th century . . . then things would seem to settle down . . . but then the so-awful 30 years war (ended 1648), particularly in Germany.  But this book also gave a little more perspective on what Montaigne was dealing with in France in late 16th century.

Counter-reformation; Jesuits.  Ottoman threat.  Protestant groupings become increasingly segmented.  England.

Etc.

Etc.

I'd recommend skipping this and picking up better-focused books on individual topics.

Shadows on the Rock (Willa Cather, 1931)

Book club selection (via me; session held February 21, 2016).

Third time I've read this short novel.

I much enjoy, find it valuable, selected it for our little book club (session held February 21, 2016).

Something fun:  my little wife made up a delightful cassoulet to serve.

My prior discussions are here, and (to a lesser extent) here.

I find it impossible to wander around Quebec (city) without thinking of Jacque and Cecile.

Cather researched carefully and makes it possible for the reader to imagine this tiny rock . . . across a wild ocean . . . amidst a sea of green/trees . . . the effort to preserve French (home) culture . . . etc.  The excitement as the ships arrived from France after so many months of complete isolation.  Entirely wonderful.

Black Lamb and Grey Falcon - A Journey Through Yugoslavia (Rebecca West, 1940)

I keep trying to make more sense out of the Balkans/SE Europe, it's not easy.

In 1937, West travels for about six weeks through what was then "Yugoslavia".  (She had gotten intrigued with the area on a visit the prior year.)  Yugoslavia - cobbled together after WWI - is struggling to form a state . . .  out of multiple and incredibly disparate pieces.  Reading this book gives a sense of just how disparate.  As her little tour group proceeds, Italy (Mussolini (cum Hitler)) is closing in.  (Feels a bit like this work in that regard.)

An absolutely delightful 1,150 pages.  My sense is that she researched meticulously; yet she had strong opinions, was biased toward certain groups; makes for an amazing combination of highly-readable-yet-informative.

The author apparently had a pretty interesting personal life - mistress to H.G. Wells, etc.

Geography wasn't kind to this part of the world - a crossroads for pretty much everyone (interestingly, the 2015/16 "refugee" "crisis" involves folks criss-crossing this region yet again).  Ottomans, Austrians, Russians, etc.  In midst of Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Islam, etc.

Astonishing geography; long, complicated histories; Croatia; Dalmatia; Bosnia; Montenegro; etc.

She has a long and interesting discussion of events in Sarajevo (Franz Ferdinand assassination).

"Constantine" as guide.

As she thinks about what happened in this part of the world - and in context of imminent Nazi threat - she seems to have a kind of epiphany - discusses that it can be necessary and fine to fight for something valuable, and laments that Western Europe seems to have lost its way in this regard.  (Another discussion that is ongoing.)

I read that this appears on lists of 100 best nonfiction books of 20th century.  I enjoyed it, immensely.

Schubert's Winter Journey - Anatomy of an Obsession (Ian Bostridge, 2015)

Unusual, different, interesting; will need to go through this again as there was too much to digest.

Bostridge is a world-renowned tenor - very familiar with him - like his style, not at all the overwrought/tiresome approach.  Pretty clearly, he has what it takes to be a writer as well.

Though the book is nontraditional.  He takes Schubert's Winterreise - a 24-song cycle (lieder) written as Schubert approached his very early death - and constructs a book by devoting a short chapter to each song.  At the outset I wasn't too optimistic about this approach, but in the end it all ties together really well.

The songs are settings for 24 poems written by Wilhelm Muller - not exactly world-famous; a Romantic poet.

Bostridge does an effective job giving context for the poems and the songs - linking it to contemporary events in the world and in Schubert's personal life; explaining areas where German historical references are used; interesting throughout.

Romantic themes - nature, death, feelings.  The linden tree.

Book design is neat.

I had no idea that one of my favorites - Thomas Mann - used Winterreise in The Magic Mountain - Bostridge explains in detail.  Neat.

Zeitoun (Dave Eggers, 2009)

Book club selection (via Zaida; session held December 20, 2015)

Not what I expected!  The story line is unusual/interesting - involves Hurricane Katrina and post-storm life in New Orleans.  The protagonist seems like a pretty capable fellow - nice family, immigrant from north Africa, making a living with some rental properties and construction work.

Some elements of the story line reminiscent of the Galveston story.  Anti-Islamic strains, reminiscent of current issues.  Civic officials and law enforcement dealing with a situation that really could not be prepared for, and plenty of venal behavior to go around.

All that was interesting enough.

But it turns out that the protagonist had some issues with the wife after the hurricane - probably understandable given what they all went through.  Seems like the author should have dealt with this?  Maybe it was a timing thing?