The Lost Book of Moses - The Hunt for the World's Oldest Bible (Chanan Tigay, 2016)

Entertaining and useful - but for my taste, way longer than it needed to be. (332 pages)

Book focuses on Moses Wilhelm Shapira, who in 1883 showed up in London with what he claimed was the world's oldest Bible scroll.  Rejected as a fraud - but when the Dead Sea Scrolls are found some 70 years later, the authenticity issue is reopened.  But by then no one knows where Shapira's scrolls ended up.

Shapira as an unlikely antiquities vendor - based in Jerusalem in second half of 19th century.  Problems with his sales of Moabite pottery.  His shop in the old city is a mecca for tourists - tourism being rather a new idea in Jerusalem in those days.

The author gets into long discussions of his detective work in trying to track down the scrolls - well-written, clever - but really who cares?  (I guess it did give some insight into how these artifacts - accumulated starting in 19th century - end up more or less lost or findable, as the case may be, in museum boxes - the fate of so much stuff, apparently.)

An interesting angle:  the discussions, if short, about the history of the Bible - Shapira's heyday overlaps with the first scholarly analysis of the development of the Old Testament.  Interesting to think that, until this time, so much rock-solid belief that e.g. the 10 Commandments were written on tablets by finger of God, etc.  Religion changes a lot if one considers that the foundational texts might be affected by the hand of man (similar strands with Mormon texts, also Islam).

Jerusalem's history so interesting - like so much of that part of the world, conquerors sweep through from time to time over the millennia - so in that sense, lots of conflict.  But when Shapira is active - 19th century - Jerusalem is coming off a period of relative neglect - no sign of the three-way fight among Christians, Jews, Islam that - here in 21st century - one would assume has been going on for centuries.  But to get started on that topic, I'd recommend this book.

The Fixer (Bernard Malamud, 1966)

A ne'er-do-well "fixer" (someone who makes a living, sort of, as a handyman or doing small repairs) reluctantly moves from the shtetl - embarrassed that wife left him, looking for change - to Kiev.  Early 20th century.  Fixer uneducated but finds an interest in reading, picks up quite a bit of learning here and there (Spinoza).  Chain of circumstances leads him to reside and work, under a false name, in an area forbidden to Jews.  Christian child is murdered with multiple stab wounds; the fixer is arrested for ritual murder.

Malamud wins Pulitzer Prize for fiction for this novel.  I liked it.  Consistent with discussion of anti-Semitism in Russia as discussed in this review of the Romanov dynasty.  Belief in things like the forged "Protocols" even among the supposedly educated upper classes - in the 20th century.

I read that Malamud considered writing a novel about the Dreyfus affair (novel form here; history focus here) - certainly plenty of overlapping elements - but settled on this instead.  Prejudice, maltreatment in prison, entrenched institutional forces, false witnesses, emerging community support.  (Malamud's novel is based, pretty closely as I understand it, on a true story.)

Author has an interesting way of describing what the protagonist felt while imprisoned for a prolonged period awaiting indictment and trial.  Wife visits him in prison.  Father-in-law (Shmuel).  Conversations with an honest investigator, and later with his lawyer - author uses these as devices to lay out some history on Russian pogroms.

262 pp in this edition.

Incarnations - A History of India in Fifty Lives (Sunil Khilnani, 2016)

The author observes that India is often discussed in terms of groups and areas - that with few exceptions, we hear little about individuals.  So he sets out to write a book consisting entirely of short biographies of 50 individuals that he considers highly important in Indian history.  (Not all are Indian.)

I saw some favorable reviews; also a fair amount of criticism - how do you select the "right" 50? How to properly describe each in a few pages?  No doubt there are flaws.  But for an uninformed reader like me, I think this book is highly useful.  If nothing else it reinforces that India is really large, and really complicated, and has a history that is really long.

Geography, religion, caste, race, distance, language, etc.  "Diverse" doesn't begin to capture it - in some ways it seems almost impossible that India is even a single country (and one that probably should have been formed with Pakistan).

[Was thinking that the U.S. has many of the same potentially divisive factors but also many unifying principles not applicable to India - a far shorter history; everyone arrived as immigrants so expressly or implicitly "signed on" to the American project at some level; everyone learns English (so far); somehow our shared secular religion (in "America" as an idea), or perhaps just all the prosperity, or some combination, seems to override, for the most part, allegiance to particular religions that creates divisions elsewhere.  Etc.]

Not going to try to summarize 50 bios!  Mixture of religious, literary, artistic, political, figures from across the country; I tried to focus on those from the south.

Read the book - good baseline info!

Also:  would enjoy feedback from anyone that knows something about these 50.

The Last Samurai (Helen DeWitt, 2000)

Unusual for me; I voluntarily selected current/modern fiction.  This one was based on recommendations I had spotted from at least two sources I trusted, or thought I could.  I also saw that this book shows up on "best novel" lists.

But I didn't like it very much.  530 pages and I didn't dog ear a single one.

I was constantly thinking that the author is saying "look at me, see how clever I am!"  Which I found annoying (or maybe threatening, she clearly does know lots and lots of stuff).

Ludo - main character - is a child genius.  His mother - Sibylla - clearly highly intelligent but for some reason (sort of explained) prefers to work as a typist.  So they live in poverty.

We know who Ludo's father is, but he doesn't.  Much of the plot revolves around his efforts to find a father.

Title of the book refers to the movie, The Seven Samurai, which Sibylla (and in turn Ludo) watch constantly, and turn to for guidance, or something.

The Wright Brothers (David McCullough, 2015)

Book club selection (via Emily; session held 9 April, 2017).

I have under-appreciated, or perhaps just not paid enough attention to, Wilbur and Orville.  Quick/easy retelling of their achievements; I liked it.

Also a useful next step to this history of ballooning - very close in time.

Incredible teamwork between the two; each was brilliant, practical, hardworking - a potent combination.  Almost unbelievable how they could move from bicycle shop to flying; how one of their employees could come up with a lightweight gas engine pretty much from scratch!  Conservative Midwest family; author gives good background on their father and sister.

Three ideas I found interesting:

1.  I hadn't thought about how uniquely difficult "learning to fly" would be.  WB recognized that the previous aviation pioneers were not in the air enough to learn adequately - very few flights, very short duration, perhaps only minutes in the air in total - how to learn to handle flying, including inevitable difficulties such as cross-winds and the like?  How to spend enough time in the air - in those early phases where the plane wasn't properly designed, and the pilot was utterly inexperienced - without getting killed or seriously injured?  WB spent time gliding at low altitude; spent time tethered; Kitty Hawk was an ideal spot because it allowed relatively soft "in-sand" landings; etc.  (Kind of reminded me of Humphrey Davy figuring out anesthesia - how to safely learn?)

2.  Reiterates Matt Ridley's discussion of how tinkerers can lead science.  WB were theoreticians for sure, but seems like their practical/tinkerer side was more important.

3.  Reiterates Ridley's question (in same book as linked above) about inventions - i.e., how much difference does any one specific inventor make?  Ridley says "not much" - and that could well be the case here - as impressive as W and O's achievements, all of a sudden there were a raft of similar achievers coming along right behind (which Ridley explains is pretty typical) - the book doesn't address whether the close followers were derivative of WB's work, or making it on their own.